{"id":9232,"date":"2026-09-14T21:09:52","date_gmt":"2026-09-14T17:09:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bio.iitb.ac.in\/~dkagrawal\/?page_id=9232"},"modified":"2026-09-30T14:24:15","modified_gmt":"2026-09-30T10:24:15","slug":"cmt-mechanistic-and-synthetic-biology-new_draft","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.bio.iitb.ac.in\/~dkagrawal\/cmt-mechanistic-and-synthetic-biology-new_draft\/","title":{"rendered":"CMT_Mechanistic and Synthetic Biology"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"9232\" class=\"elementor elementor-9232\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0000002a elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"0000002a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style id=\"cmt-lab-template-styles\">\n:root {\n  --cmt-navy: #0b2632;\n  --cmt-blue: #0e6a70;\n  --cmt-cyan: #48c1c6;\n  --cmt-gold: #b97815;\n  --cmt-ice: #e4f1f2;\n  --cmt-soft: #f3f7f7;\n  --cmt-ink: #0f1a1f;\n  --cmt-muted: #50646b;\n  --cmt-border: #d2dfe1;\n  --cmt-white: #ffffff;\n  --cmt-radius: 16px;\n  --cmt-shadow: 0 20px 55px rgba(11, 38, 50, .11);\n  --cmt-display: Newsreader, Charter, \"Iowan Old Style\", Georgia, serif;\n  --cmt-body: \"IBM Plex Sans\", Inter, \"Segoe UI\", Arial, sans-serif;\n  --cmt-label: \"IBM Plex Mono\", \"SFMono-Regular\", Consolas, monospace;\n}\n.cmt-hero, .cmt-section, .cmt-band, .cmt-cta { font-family: var(--cmt-body); }\n.cmt-hero { position:relative; isolation:isolate; background: radial-gradient(circle at 88% 12%, rgba(72,193,198,.25), transparent 33%), linear-gradient(135deg, #081d27 0%, #0b3340 60%, #0d5860 100%); color: #fff; padding: 88px 34px 82px; overflow: hidden; }\n.cmt-hero > .e-con-inner { display: grid !important; grid-template-columns: minmax(0,1.08fr) minmax(320px,.92fr); gap: 54px; align-items: center; max-width: 1180px !important; margin: 0 auto; }\n.cmt-hero-copy, .cmt-hero-visual { position:relative; z-index:2; }\n.cmt-signal-widget { position:absolute !important; inset:0; z-index:0; pointer-events:none; overflow:hidden; opacity:.34; }\n.cmt-signal-widget .elementor-widget-container, .cmt-signal, .cmt-signal svg { width:100%; height:100%; }\n.cmt-signal svg { display:block; min-width:940px; }\n.cmt-signal path, .cmt-signal line { vector-effect:non-scaling-stroke; }\n.cmt-hero--compact { padding-top: 62px; padding-bottom: 62px; }\n.cmt-hero--compact > .e-con-inner { grid-template-columns: minmax(0,1fr); max-width: 920px !important; }\n.cmt-eyebrow { color: #86e0e3; font-family:var(--cmt-label); font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; margin-bottom: 16px; }\n.cmt-hero .elementor-heading-title { color: #fff; font-family:var(--cmt-display); font-weight:500; font-size: clamp(45px,5.4vw,76px); line-height: .99; letter-spacing: -.035em; margin: 0; text-wrap:balance; }\n.cmt-hero--compact .elementor-heading-title { font-size: clamp(38px,4vw,60px); }\n.cmt-hero .elementor-widget-text-editor { color: rgba(255,255,255,.84); font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.65; max-width: 700px; }\n.cmt-actions > .e-con-inner { display: flex !important; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 14px; margin-top: 12px; }\n.cmt-button-primary .elementor-button { background: #84e0e3; color: #071b22; border-radius: 999px; padding: 14px 24px; font-weight: 800; }\n.cmt-button-secondary .elementor-button { background: transparent; color: #fff; border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.55); border-radius: 999px; padding: 13px 24px; font-weight: 700; }\n.cmt-button-link .elementor-button { background: transparent; color: var(--cmt-blue); padding: 8px 0; font-weight: 800; }\n.cmt-button-primary .elementor-button:hover, .cmt-button-primary .elementor-button:focus-visible { background:#fff; transform:translateY(-1px); }\n.cmt-button-secondary .elementor-button:hover, .cmt-button-secondary .elementor-button:focus-visible { background:rgba(255,255,255,.11); border-color:#fff; }\n.cmt-button-link .elementor-button:hover, .cmt-button-link .elementor-button:focus-visible { color:#084d52; }\n.cmt-hero-media { position:relative; }\n.cmt-hero-media:before { content:\"\"; position:absolute; inset:-12px 12px 12px -12px; border:1px solid rgba(132,224,227,.5); border-radius:22px; z-index:-1; }\n.cmt-hero-media img { display:block; width:100%; aspect-ratio: 4\/3; object-fit:cover; border-radius: 20px; box-shadow: 0 28px 80px rgba(0,0,0,.34); border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.22); }\n.cmt-section { padding: 82px 34px; color: var(--cmt-ink); }\n.cmt-section--soft { background: var(--cmt-soft); }\n.cmt-section--ice { background: var(--cmt-ice); }\n.cmt-section > .e-con-inner { max-width: 1180px !important; margin: 0 auto; }\n.cmt-section-title .elementor-heading-title { color: var(--cmt-navy); font-family:var(--cmt-display); font-weight:500; font-size: clamp(34px,3.4vw,50px); line-height: 1.07; letter-spacing: -.025em; text-wrap:balance; }\n.cmt-section-intro { color: var(--cmt-muted); font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.72; max-width: 790px; margin-bottom: 34px; }\n.cmt-grid > .e-con-inner { display: grid !important; gap: 22px; align-items: stretch; }\n.cmt-grid--2 > .e-con-inner { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0,1fr)); }\n.cmt-grid--3 > .e-con-inner { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0,1fr)); }\n.cmt-grid--4 > .e-con-inner { grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0,1fr)); }\n.cmt-card { position:relative; background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--cmt-border); border-radius: var(--cmt-radius); padding: 28px; box-shadow: 0 8px 25px rgba(11,38,50,.05); transition: transform .2s ease, box-shadow .2s ease, border-color .2s ease; }\n.cmt-card:hover { transform: translateY(-4px); border-color: rgba(24,168,181,.65); box-shadow: var(--cmt-shadow); }\n.cmt-card .elementor-heading-title { color: var(--cmt-navy); font-family:var(--cmt-display); font-weight:600; font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.18; }\n.cmt-card .elementor-widget-text-editor { color: var(--cmt-muted); font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.65; }\n.cmt-card-number { color: var(--cmt-blue); font-family:var(--cmt-label); font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .12em; text-transform: uppercase; }\n.cmt-feature { background: linear-gradient(180deg,#fff,#f8fbfd); }\n.cmt-feature .elementor-heading-title { font-size: 26px; }\n.cmt-band { background: var(--cmt-navy); color: #fff; padding: 30px 34px; }\n.cmt-band > .e-con-inner { display:grid !important; grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr)); max-width:1180px !important; margin:0 auto; gap:20px; }\n.cmt-band .elementor-heading-title { color:#fff; font-family:var(--cmt-display); font-weight:600; font-size:21px; }\n.cmt-band .elementor-widget-text-editor { color:rgba(255,255,255,.68); }\n.cmt-profile { display:grid !important; grid-template-columns:150px minmax(0,1fr); gap:24px; align-items:center; }\n.cmt-profile img { width:150px; height:180px; object-fit:cover; border-radius:16px; }\n.cmt-profile-text h3 { color:var(--cmt-navy); margin:0 0 6px; font-size:24px; }\n.cmt-profile-text p { color:var(--cmt-muted); margin:4px 0; line-height:1.55; }\n.cmt-publication { border-left: 4px solid var(--cmt-gold); padding: 20px 22px; background:#fff; border-radius:0 14px 14px 0; margin-bottom:14px; box-shadow:0 6px 20px rgba(7,27,51,.05); }\n.cmt-publication strong { color:var(--cmt-navy); }\n.cmt-publication a { color:var(--cmt-blue); font-weight:700; }\n.cmt-list ul { margin:0; padding-left:1.2em; }\n.cmt-list li { color:var(--cmt-muted); margin:.65em 0; line-height:1.55; }\n.cmt-steps > .e-con-inner { counter-reset:cmtstep; display:grid !important; grid-template-columns:repeat(5,minmax(0,1fr)); gap:14px; }\n.cmt-step { background:#fff; border:1px solid var(--cmt-border); border-radius:14px; padding:22px 18px; }\n.cmt-step:before { counter-increment:cmtstep; content:\"0\" counter(cmtstep); display:block; color:var(--cmt-blue); font-family:var(--cmt-label); font-weight:700; letter-spacing:.08em; margin-bottom:12px; }\n.cmt-step .elementor-heading-title { font-family:var(--cmt-display); font-size:20px; color:var(--cmt-navy); }\n.cmt-cta { background: linear-gradient(115deg,var(--cmt-blue),#0b4d57); color:#fff; padding:64px 34px; }\n.cmt-cta > .e-con-inner { max-width:1000px !important; margin:0 auto; text-align:center; align-items:center; }\n.cmt-cta .elementor-heading-title { color:#fff; font-family:var(--cmt-display); font-weight:500; font-size:clamp(34px,3.4vw,50px); }\n.cmt-cta .elementor-widget-text-editor { color:rgba(255,255,255,.83); font-size:18px; max-width:720px; margin:0 auto; }\n.cmt-cta .cmt-button-primary .elementor-button { background:#fff; color:var(--cmt-navy); margin-top:12px; }\n.cmt-contact a { color:var(--cmt-blue); }\n.cmt-section a:not(.elementor-button), .cmt-contact a { text-decoration-thickness:1px; text-underline-offset:3px; }\n.cmt-hero a:focus-visible, .cmt-section a:focus-visible, .cmt-cta a:focus-visible { outline:3px solid #f3b64d; outline-offset:4px; border-radius:5px; }\n@media (max-width: 980px) {\n  .cmt-hero > .e-con-inner, .cmt-grid--4 > .e-con-inner, .cmt-grid--3 > .e-con-inner { grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr)); }\n  .cmt-hero > .e-con-inner { grid-template-columns:1fr; }\n  .cmt-steps > .e-con-inner { grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr)); }\n}\n@media (max-width: 680px) {\n  .cmt-hero, .cmt-section, .cmt-cta { padding-left:20px; padding-right:20px; }\n  .cmt-hero { padding-top:54px; padding-bottom:54px; }\n  .cmt-grid--2 > .e-con-inner, .cmt-grid--3 > .e-con-inner, .cmt-grid--4 > .e-con-inner, .cmt-band > .e-con-inner, .cmt-steps > .e-con-inner { grid-template-columns:1fr; }\n  .cmt-profile { grid-template-columns:1fr; }\n  .cmt-profile img { width:120px; height:145px; }\n  .cmt-section { padding-top:58px; padding-bottom:58px; }\n}\n@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {\n  .cmt-card, .cmt-button-primary .elementor-button { transition:none !important; }\n  .cmt-card:hover, .cmt-button-primary .elementor-button:hover { transform:none; }\n}\n@media print {\n  .cmt-signal-widget, .cmt-actions, .cmt-cta { display:none !important; }\n  .cmt-hero { background:#fff !important; color:#000; padding:24px 0; }\n  .cmt-hero .elementor-heading-title, .cmt-hero .elementor-widget-text-editor { color:#000 !important; }\n  .cmt-section { padding:28px 0; }\n  .cmt-card, .cmt-publication { box-shadow:none; break-inside:avoid; }\n}\n<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00000015 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"00000015\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d9ebe elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"31d9ebe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- =========================================================\r\n     MECHANISTIC AND SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY \u2014 HERO\r\n     Animation: rotating DNA helix + DNA-binding protein\r\n     ========================================================= -->\r\n\r\n<style>\r\n\r\n@import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Noto+Serif:wght@500;600&family=Noto+Sans:wght@400;500;600&display=swap');\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   HERO SHELL\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n.msb-hero {\r\n    position: relative;\r\n    overflow: hidden;\r\n\r\n    min-height: 430px;\r\n\r\n    display: flex;\r\n    align-items: center;\r\n\r\n    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f7fafc 0%, #edf5f9 55%, #f7fafc 100%);\r\n\r\n    font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif;\r\n\r\n    box-sizing: border-box;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.msb-hero *,\r\n.msb-hero *::before,\r\n.msb-hero *::after {\r\n    box-sizing: border-box;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   HERO TEXT\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n.msb-hero-content {\r\n    position: relative;\r\n    z-index: 5;\r\n\r\n    width: min(1200px, calc(100% - 80px));\r\n\r\n    margin: auto;\r\n\r\n    padding-top: 75px;\r\n    padding-bottom: 85px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* Eyebrow (sans) *\/\r\n\r\n.msb-hero-label {\r\n    display: inline-flex;\r\n    align-items: center;\r\n\r\n    gap: 11px;\r\n\r\n    margin-bottom: 16px;\r\n\r\n    color: #4d879c;\r\n\r\n    font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif;\r\n\r\n    font-size: 12px;\r\n\r\n    font-weight: 600;\r\n\r\n    letter-spacing: 2.2px;\r\n\r\n    text-transform: uppercase;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.msb-hero-label::before {\r\n    content: \"\";\r\n\r\n    width: 28px;\r\n    height: 2px;\r\n\r\n    background: #58c7d7;\r\n\r\n    flex-shrink: 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* Title (serif) *\/\r\n\r\n.msb-hero h1 {\r\n    max-width: 760px;\r\n\r\n    margin: 0;\r\n\r\n    color: #123B4A;\r\n\r\n    font-family: 'Noto Serif', Georgia, serif;\r\n\r\n    font-size: clamp(42px, 6vw, 66px);\r\n\r\n    line-height: 1.08;\r\n\r\n    font-weight: 600;\r\n\r\n    letter-spacing: -0.025em;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* Description (sans) *\/\r\n\r\n.msb-hero-description {\r\n    max-width: 700px;\r\n\r\n    margin: 22px 0 0;\r\n\r\n    color: #496579;\r\n\r\n    font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif;\r\n\r\n    font-size: 18px;\r\n\r\n    font-weight: 400;\r\n\r\n    line-height: 1.75;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   VISUAL\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n.msb-dna-visual {\r\n    position: absolute;\r\n\r\n    right: 5px;\r\n    top: 50%;\r\n\r\n    width: 500px;\r\n    height: 340px;\r\n\r\n    transform: translateY(-50%);\r\n\r\n    pointer-events: none;\r\n\r\n    opacity: 0.72;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n.msb-dna-svg {\r\n    width: 100%;\r\n    height: 100%;\r\n\r\n    overflow: visible;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   ROTATING DNA\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n.msb-rotating-dna {\r\n    transform-origin: 175px 170px;\r\n\r\n    animation: dnaRotate 7s ease-in-out infinite;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n@keyframes dnaRotate {\r\n\r\n    0%,\r\n    100% {\r\n        transform:\r\n            perspective(700px)\r\n            rotateY(-18deg);\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    50% {\r\n        transform:\r\n            perspective(700px)\r\n            rotateY(18deg);\r\n    }\r\n\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   DNA STRANDS\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n.msb-dna-strand {\r\n    fill: none;\r\n\r\n    stroke: #5aa3b8;\r\n\r\n    stroke-width: 2.2;\r\n\r\n    stroke-linecap: round;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n.msb-dna-strand-secondary {\r\n    fill: none;\r\n\r\n    stroke: #a8cfdc;\r\n\r\n    stroke-width: 1.5;\r\n\r\n    stroke-linecap: round;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n.msb-base-pair {\r\n    stroke: #a8cfdc;\r\n\r\n    stroke-width: 1.2;\r\n\r\n    stroke-linecap: round;\r\n\r\n    opacity: 0.9;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   DNA TARGET\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n.msb-dna-target {\r\n    fill: #eaf4f8;\r\n\r\n    stroke: #287084;\r\n\r\n    stroke-width: 1.5;\r\n\r\n    animation: targetPulse 3s ease-in-out infinite;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n@keyframes targetPulse {\r\n\r\n    0%,\r\n    100% {\r\n        opacity: 0.45;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    50% {\r\n        opacity: 1;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   DNA-BINDING PROTEIN\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n.msb-binding-protein {\r\n    transform-origin: 175px 165px;\r\n\r\n    animation: proteinBinding 7s ease-in-out infinite;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n@keyframes proteinBinding {\r\n\r\n    0%,\r\n    18% {\r\n        transform:\r\n            translate(110px, -70px)\r\n            rotate(-15deg);\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    35% {\r\n        transform:\r\n            translate(55px, -35px)\r\n            rotate(-8deg);\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    48%,\r\n    68% {\r\n        transform:\r\n            translate(0, 0)\r\n            rotate(0deg);\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    82%,\r\n    100% {\r\n        transform:\r\n            translate(110px, -70px)\r\n            rotate(-15deg);\r\n    }\r\n\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n.msb-protein-body {\r\n    fill: #eaf4f8;\r\n\r\n    stroke: #287084;\r\n\r\n    stroke-width: 1.8;\r\n\r\n    filter:\r\n        drop-shadow(\r\n            0 5px 10px\r\n            rgba(31, 73, 97, 0.14)\r\n        );\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n.msb-protein-detail {\r\n    fill: none;\r\n\r\n    stroke: #7ab4c6;\r\n\r\n    stroke-width: 1.2;\r\n\r\n    opacity: 0.85;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n.msb-binding-pocket {\r\n    fill: none;\r\n\r\n    stroke: #287084;\r\n\r\n    stroke-width: 2;\r\n\r\n    stroke-linecap: round;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   BINDING SIGNAL\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n.msb-binding-line {\r\n    fill: none;\r\n\r\n    stroke: #58c7d7;\r\n\r\n    stroke-width: 1.4;\r\n\r\n    stroke-dasharray: 4 7;\r\n\r\n    opacity: 0;\r\n\r\n    animation: bindingLine 7s ease-in-out infinite;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n@keyframes bindingLine {\r\n\r\n    0%,\r\n    40% {\r\n        opacity: 0;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    50%,\r\n    68% {\r\n        opacity: 0.9;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    78%,\r\n    100% {\r\n        opacity: 0;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n.msb-dna-particle {\r\n    fill: #287084;\r\n\r\n    opacity: 0;\r\n\r\n    animation: dnaParticle 7s linear infinite;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n@keyframes dnaParticle {\r\n\r\n    0%,\r\n    48% {\r\n        opacity: 0;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    52% {\r\n        opacity: 1;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    70% {\r\n        opacity: 1;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    82%,\r\n    100% {\r\n        opacity: 0;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   LABELS\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n.msb-dna-label {\r\n    fill: #4d879c;\r\n\r\n    font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif;\r\n\r\n    font-size: 9px;\r\n\r\n    font-weight: 500;\r\n\r\n    letter-spacing: 1.2px;\r\n\r\n    opacity: 0.9;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   TABLET\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n@media (max-width: 1000px) {\r\n\r\n    .msb-dna-visual {\r\n        right: -100px;\r\n\r\n        opacity: 0.32;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   MOBILE\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n@media (max-width: 700px) {\r\n\r\n    .msb-hero {\r\n        min-height: 500px;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .msb-hero-content {\r\n        width: calc(100% - 36px);\r\n\r\n        padding-top: 60px;\r\n        padding-bottom: 100px;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .msb-hero h1 {\r\n        font-size: 42px;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .msb-hero-description {\r\n        font-size: 16px;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .msb-dna-visual {\r\n        width: 390px;\r\n        height: 270px;\r\n\r\n        right: -90px;\r\n\r\n        top: auto;\r\n        bottom: -15px;\r\n\r\n        transform: none;\r\n\r\n        opacity: 0.25;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   REDUCED MOTION\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {\r\n\r\n    .msb-rotating-dna,\r\n    .msb-binding-protein,\r\n    .msb-dna-target,\r\n    .msb-binding-line,\r\n    .msb-dna-particle {\r\n        animation: none;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n}\r\n\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n\r\n<section class=\"msb-hero\">\r\n\r\n\r\n    <!-- =====================================================\r\n         TEXT\r\n         ===================================================== -->\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"msb-hero-content\">\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"msb-hero-label\">\r\n            Research area\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n        <h1>\r\n            Mechanistic and Synthetic Biology\r\n        <\/h1>\r\n\r\n\r\n        <p class=\"msb-hero-description\">\r\n            We use quantitative and engineered biological\r\n            interactions to understand and control\r\n            biological information processing.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n    <!-- =====================================================\r\n         DNA + PROTEIN ANIMATION\r\n         ===================================================== -->\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"msb-dna-visual\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n\r\n        <svg\r\n            class=\"msb-dna-svg\"\r\n            viewBox=\"0 0 500 340\"\r\n            xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"\r\n        >\r\n\r\n\r\n            <!-- =================================================\r\n                 ROTATING DNA\r\n                 ================================================= -->\r\n\r\n            <g class=\"msb-rotating-dna\">\r\n\r\n\r\n                <!-- LEFT DNA STRAND -->\r\n\r\n                <path\r\n                    class=\"msb-dna-strand\"\r\n                    d=\"\r\n                        M145 30\r\n\r\n                        C205 55\r\n                        205 85\r\n                        145 110\r\n\r\n                        C85 135\r\n                        85 165\r\n                        145 190\r\n\r\n                        C205 215\r\n                        205 245\r\n                        145 270\r\n\r\n                        C115 282\r\n                        115 295\r\n                        145 310\r\n                    \"\r\n                \/>\r\n\r\n\r\n                <!-- RIGHT DNA STRAND -->\r\n\r\n                <path\r\n                    class=\"msb-dna-strand-secondary\"\r\n                    d=\"\r\n                        M205 30\r\n\r\n                        C145 55\r\n                        145 85\r\n                        205 110\r\n\r\n                        C265 135\r\n                        265 165\r\n                        205 190\r\n\r\n                        C145 215\r\n                        145 245\r\n                        205 270\r\n\r\n                        C235 282\r\n                        235 295\r\n                        205 310\r\n                    \"\r\n                \/>\r\n\r\n\r\n                <!-- BASE PAIRS -->\r\n\r\n                <g class=\"msb-base-pair\">\r\n\r\n                    <line x1=\"160\" y1=\"39\"  x2=\"190\" y2=\"39\"  \/>\r\n                    <line x1=\"181\" y1=\"61\"  x2=\"169\" y2=\"61\"  \/>\r\n                    <line x1=\"197\" y1=\"84\"  x2=\"153\" y2=\"84\"  \/>\r\n                    <line x1=\"200\" y1=\"108\" x2=\"150\" y2=\"108\" \/>\r\n                    <line x1=\"184\" y1=\"130\" x2=\"166\" y2=\"130\" \/>\r\n                    <line x1=\"155\" y1=\"153\" x2=\"195\" y2=\"153\" \/>\r\n                    <line x1=\"150\" y1=\"176\" x2=\"200\" y2=\"176\" \/>\r\n                    <line x1=\"165\" y1=\"199\" x2=\"185\" y2=\"199\" \/>\r\n                    <line x1=\"195\" y1=\"222\" x2=\"155\" y2=\"222\" \/>\r\n                    <line x1=\"199\" y1=\"245\" x2=\"151\" y2=\"245\" \/>\r\n                    <line x1=\"181\" y1=\"268\" x2=\"169\" y2=\"268\" \/>\r\n                    <line x1=\"160\" y1=\"290\" x2=\"190\" y2=\"290\" \/>\r\n\r\n                <\/g>\r\n\r\n\r\n                <!-- TARGET DNA SITE -->\r\n\r\n                <rect\r\n                    class=\"msb-dna-target\"\r\n                    x=\"164\"\r\n                    y=\"135\"\r\n                    width=\"22\"\r\n                    height=\"38\"\r\n                    rx=\"6\"\r\n                \/>\r\n\r\n\r\n            <\/g>\r\n\r\n\r\n            <!-- =================================================\r\n                 DNA LABEL\r\n                 ================================================= -->\r\n\r\n            <text\r\n                class=\"msb-dna-label\"\r\n                x=\"100\"\r\n                y=\"325\"\r\n            >\r\n                DNA TARGET SEQUENCE\r\n            <\/text>\r\n\r\n\r\n            <!-- =================================================\r\n                 DNA-BINDING PROTEIN\r\n                 ================================================= -->\r\n\r\n            <g class=\"msb-binding-protein\">\r\n\r\n\r\n                <!-- PROTEIN BODY -->\r\n\r\n                <path\r\n                    class=\"msb-protein-body\"\r\n                    d=\"\r\n                        M0 -30\r\n\r\n                        C-25 -34\r\n                        -43 -17\r\n                        -40 5\r\n\r\n                        C-37 28\r\n                        -17 42\r\n                        6 35\r\n\r\n                        C28 29\r\n                        39 10\r\n                        31 -11\r\n\r\n                        C25 -27\r\n                        14 -31\r\n                        0 -30\r\n\r\n                        Z\r\n                    \"\r\n                    transform=\"translate(175 105)\"\r\n                \/>\r\n\r\n\r\n                <!-- PROTEIN STRUCTURAL DETAIL -->\r\n\r\n                <path\r\n                    class=\"msb-protein-detail\"\r\n                    d=\"\r\n                        M158 96\r\n\r\n                        C168 84\r\n                        185 84\r\n                        193 96\r\n\r\n                        C184 105\r\n                        167 105\r\n                        158 96\r\n                    \"\r\n                \/>\r\n\r\n\r\n                <circle\r\n                    class=\"msb-protein-detail\"\r\n                    cx=\"164\"\r\n                    cy=\"115\"\r\n                    r=\"4\"\r\n                \/>\r\n\r\n\r\n                <circle\r\n                    class=\"msb-protein-detail\"\r\n                    cx=\"187\"\r\n                    cy=\"115\"\r\n                    r=\"4\"\r\n                \/>\r\n\r\n\r\n                <!-- BINDING POCKET -->\r\n\r\n                <path\r\n                    class=\"msb-binding-pocket\"\r\n                    d=\"\r\n                        M165 126\r\n\r\n                        C170 134\r\n                        181 134\r\n                        187 126\r\n                    \"\r\n                \/>\r\n\r\n            <\/g>\r\n\r\n\r\n            <!-- =================================================\r\n                 BINDING CONNECTION\r\n                 ================================================= -->\r\n\r\n            <path\r\n                class=\"msb-binding-line\"\r\n                d=\"\r\n                    M285 70\r\n\r\n                    C255 90\r\n                    230 112\r\n                    195 145\r\n                \"\r\n            \/>\r\n\r\n\r\n            <!-- =================================================\r\n                 SIGNAL AFTER BINDING\r\n                 ================================================= -->\r\n\r\n            <circle\r\n                class=\"msb-dna-particle\"\r\n                cx=\"190\"\r\n                cy=\"154\"\r\n                r=\"3\"\r\n            >\r\n\r\n                <animateMotion\r\n                    dur=\"7s\"\r\n                    repeatCount=\"indefinite\"\r\n                    path=\"\r\n                        M0 0\r\n                        C35 5\r\n                        75 -20\r\n                        120 -35\r\n                    \"\r\n                \/>\r\n\r\n            <\/circle>\r\n\r\n\r\n            <!-- =================================================\r\n                 REGULATION OUTPUT\r\n                 ================================================= -->\r\n\r\n            <path\r\n                d=\"\r\n                    M215 155\r\n                    C265 155\r\n                    300 140\r\n                    350 140\r\n                \"\r\n                fill=\"none\"\r\n                stroke=\"#a8cfdc\"\r\n                stroke-width=\"1.2\"\r\n                stroke-dasharray=\"4 8\"\r\n            \/>\r\n\r\n\r\n            <circle\r\n                cx=\"350\"\r\n                cy=\"140\"\r\n                r=\"5\"\r\n                fill=\"#eaf4f8\"\r\n                stroke=\"#58c7d7\"\r\n                stroke-width=\"1.5\"\r\n            \/>\r\n\r\n\r\n            <text\r\n                class=\"msb-dna-label\"\r\n                x=\"362\"\r\n                y=\"143\"\r\n            >\r\n                REGULATION\r\n            <\/text>\r\n\r\n\r\n        <\/svg>\r\n\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/section>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3deb998 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"3deb998\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- =========================================================\r\n     MECHANISTIC AND SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY\r\n     RESEARCH DIRECTION 01\r\n     Text left \/ image right (click image to enlarge)\r\n     ========================================================= -->\r\n\r\n<style>\r\n\r\n@import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Noto+Serif:wght@500;600&family=Noto+Sans:wght@400;500;600&display=swap');\r\n\r\n.msb-project-01 {\r\n    width: min(1200px, calc(100% - 80px));\r\n    margin: 0 auto;\r\n    display: grid;\r\n    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 0.9fr) minmax(0, 1.1fr);\r\n    gap: 55px;\r\n    align-items: center;\r\n    padding-top: 50px;\r\n    padding-bottom: 58px;\r\n    font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif;\r\n    box-sizing: border-box;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.msb-project-01 *,\r\n.msb-project-01 *::before,\r\n.msb-project-01 *::after {\r\n    box-sizing: border-box;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   CONTENT\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n.msb-project-01-content {\r\n    order: 1;\r\n    min-width: 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.msb-project-01-label {\r\n    display: inline-flex;\r\n    align-items: center;\r\n    gap: 11px;\r\n    margin-bottom: 14px;\r\n    color: #4d879c;\r\n    font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif;\r\n    font-size: 12px;\r\n    font-weight: 600;\r\n    letter-spacing: 2.2px;\r\n    text-transform: uppercase;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.msb-project-01-label::before {\r\n    content: \"\";\r\n    width: 28px;\r\n    height: 2px;\r\n    background: #58c7d7;\r\n    flex-shrink: 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.msb-project-01 h3 {\r\n    margin: 0 0 14px !important;\r\n    color: #123B4A !important;\r\n    font-family: 'Noto Serif', Georgia, serif !important;\r\n    font-size: clamp(27px, 3vw, 34px) !important;\r\n    line-height: 1.28 !important;\r\n    font-weight: 600 !important;\r\n    letter-spacing: -0.5px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.msb-project-01 p {\r\n    margin: 0 !important;\r\n    max-width: 520px;\r\n    color: #496579 !important;\r\n    font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif !important;\r\n    font-size: 17px !important;\r\n    font-weight: 400 !important;\r\n    line-height: 1.78 !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   IMAGE\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n.msb-project-01-image {\r\n    order: 2;\r\n    width: 100%;\r\n    min-width: 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.msb-project-01-image img {\r\n    display: block;\r\n    width: 100%;\r\n    height: auto;\r\n    max-width: 100%;\r\n    border: 1px solid #dce8ef;\r\n    border-radius: 12px;\r\n    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.82);\r\n    box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(31, 73, 97, 0.04);\r\n    object-fit: contain;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   CLICK TO ENLARGE (pure CSS, no JavaScript)\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n\/* hidden checkbox that stores the open \/ closed state *\/\r\n.msb-project-01-zoom-toggle {\r\n    position: absolute;\r\n    opacity: 0;\r\n    pointer-events: none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* the small image on the page *\/\r\n.msb-project-01-thumb {\r\n    display: block;\r\n    position: relative;\r\n    cursor: zoom-in;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.msb-project-01-thumb img {\r\n    transition: transform .3s ease, box-shadow .3s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.msb-project-01-thumb:hover img {\r\n    transform: translateY(-3px);\r\n    box-shadow: 0 12px 28px rgba(31, 73, 97, 0.12);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* small \"click to enlarge\" hint *\/\r\n.msb-project-01-thumb::after {\r\n    content: \"Click to enlarge\";\r\n    position: absolute;\r\n    right: 12px;\r\n    bottom: 12px;\r\n    padding: 6px 12px;\r\n    border-radius: 20px;\r\n    background: rgba(18, 59, 74, 0.82);\r\n    color: #ffffff;\r\n    font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif;\r\n    font-size: 12px;\r\n    font-weight: 500;\r\n    letter-spacing: .3px;\r\n    opacity: 0;\r\n    transition: opacity .3s ease;\r\n    pointer-events: none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.msb-project-01-thumb:hover::after {\r\n    opacity: 1;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* the full screen popup *\/\r\n.msb-project-01-lightbox {\r\n    display: none;\r\n    position: fixed;\r\n    inset: 0;\r\n    z-index: 999999;\r\n    align-items: center;\r\n    justify-content: center;\r\n    padding: 40px;\r\n    background: rgba(8, 28, 38, 0.88);\r\n    cursor: zoom-out;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.msb-project-01-zoom-toggle:checked ~ .msb-project-01-lightbox {\r\n    display: flex;\r\n    animation: msbProject01Fade .25s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.msb-project-01-image .msb-project-01-lightbox img {\r\n    width: auto;\r\n    height: auto;\r\n    max-width: 100%;\r\n    max-height: 100%;\r\n    border: none;\r\n    border-radius: 10px;\r\n    background: #ffffff;\r\n    box-shadow: 0 20px 60px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.45);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.msb-project-01-close {\r\n    position: absolute;\r\n    top: 18px;\r\n    right: 26px;\r\n    color: #ffffff;\r\n    font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif;\r\n    font-size: 38px;\r\n    line-height: 1;\r\n    opacity: .85;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.msb-project-01-lightbox:hover .msb-project-01-close {\r\n    opacity: 1;\r\n}\r\n\r\n@keyframes msbProject01Fade {\r\n    from { opacity: 0; }\r\n    to   { opacity: 1; }\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   IMAGE PLACEHOLDER\r\n\r\n   Use this instead of the image block until the figure\r\n   is ready.\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n.msb-project-01-visual {\r\n    width: 100%;\r\n    padding: 60px 25px;\r\n    display: flex;\r\n    align-items: center;\r\n    justify-content: center;\r\n    border: 1px dashed #b4d4e0;\r\n    border-radius: 12px;\r\n    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #eaf4f8, #f7fafc);\r\n    color: #4d879c;\r\n    font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif;\r\n    font-size: 15px;\r\n    text-align: center;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   RESPONSIVE\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n@media (max-width: 1000px) {\r\n    .msb-project-01 {\r\n        gap: 42px;\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n\r\n@media (max-width: 800px) {\r\n    .msb-project-01 {\r\n        width: calc(100% - 36px);\r\n        grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n        gap: 30px;\r\n        padding-top: 45px;\r\n        padding-bottom: 50px;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .msb-project-01-content {\r\n        order: 1;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .msb-project-01-image {\r\n        order: 2;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .msb-project-01 p {\r\n        font-size: 16px !important;\r\n        max-width: 100%;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .msb-project-01-lightbox {\r\n        padding: 18px;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    \/* no hover on touch screens, so hide the hint *\/\r\n    .msb-project-01-thumb::after {\r\n        display: none;\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n\r\n@media (max-width: 420px) {\r\n    .msb-project-01 h3 {\r\n        font-size: 25px !important;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .msb-project-01 p {\r\n        font-size: 15px !important;\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n\r\n<article class=\"msb-project-01\">\r\n\r\n\r\n    <!-- =================================================\r\n         CONTENT\r\n         ================================================= -->\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"msb-project-01-content\">\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"msb-project-01-label\">\r\n            Flagship project\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <h3>\r\n            Transcription-factor decoys\r\n        <\/h3>\r\n\r\n        <p>\r\n           TF decoys are short ds DNA sequences that can act like a sponge to soak up free transcription factors in the cell and divert them from their native binding site. This can be harnessed to alter the protein expression and regulate immunological pathways.In this project,  DNA nanostructures are designed to present binding sites\r\n            and modulate transcription-factor availability. We\r\n            investigate how DNA architecture can influence\r\n            transcription-factor binding, function and regulation.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n    <!-- =================================================\r\n         IMAGE (click to enlarge)\r\n\r\n         CHANGE IMAGE URL HERE (in both places), or delete\r\n         the checkbox and both labels and uncomment the\r\n         placeholder underneath until the figure is ready.\r\n\r\n         Both labels must use the same id in \"for\".\r\n         ================================================= -->\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"msb-project-01-image\">\r\n\r\n        <input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"msb-project-01-zoom\" class=\"msb-project-01-zoom-toggle\">\r\n\r\n        <label for=\"msb-project-01-zoom\" class=\"msb-project-01-thumb\">\r\n            <img decoding=\"async\"\r\n                src=\"https:\/\/www.bio.iitb.ac.in\/~dkagrawal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/keziah-scaled.webp\"\r\n                alt=\"Transcription-factor decoys\"\r\n                loading=\"lazy\"\r\n            >\r\n        <\/label>\r\n\r\n        <label for=\"msb-project-01-zoom\" class=\"msb-project-01-lightbox\">\r\n            <span class=\"msb-project-01-close\">&times;<\/span>\r\n            <img decoding=\"async\"\r\n                src=\"https:\/\/www.bio.iitb.ac.in\/~dkagrawal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/keziah-scaled.webp\"\r\n                alt=\"Transcription-factor decoys (enlarged)\"\r\n                loading=\"lazy\"\r\n            >\r\n        <\/label>\r\n\r\n        <!--\r\n        <div class=\"msb-project-01-visual\">\r\n            Figure coming soon\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        -->\r\n\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/article>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79461a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"79461a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- =========================================================\r\n     MECHANISTIC AND SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY\r\n     RESEARCH DIRECTION 02\r\n     Image left \/ text right (click image to enlarge)\r\n     ========================================================= -->\r\n\r\n<style>\r\n\r\n@import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Noto+Serif:wght@500;600&family=Noto+Sans:wght@400;500;600&display=swap');\r\n\r\n.msb-project-02 {\r\n    width: min(1200px, calc(100% - 80px));\r\n    margin: 0 auto;\r\n    display: grid;\r\n    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.1fr) minmax(0, 0.9fr);\r\n    gap: 55px;\r\n    align-items: center;\r\n    padding-top: 50px;\r\n    padding-bottom: 58px;\r\n    border-top: 1px solid #dce8ef;\r\n    font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif;\r\n    box-sizing: border-box;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.msb-project-02 *,\r\n.msb-project-02 *::before,\r\n.msb-project-02 *::after {\r\n    box-sizing: border-box;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   IMAGE\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n.msb-project-02-image {\r\n    order: 1;\r\n    width: 100%;\r\n    min-width: 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.msb-project-02-image img {\r\n    display: block;\r\n    width: 100%;\r\n    height: auto;\r\n    max-width: 100%;\r\n    border: 1px solid #dce8ef;\r\n    border-radius: 12px;\r\n    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.82);\r\n    box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(31, 73, 97, 0.04);\r\n    object-fit: contain;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   CLICK TO ENLARGE (pure CSS, no JavaScript)\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n\/* hidden checkbox that stores the open \/ closed state *\/\r\n.msb-project-02-zoom-toggle {\r\n    position: absolute;\r\n    opacity: 0;\r\n    pointer-events: none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* the small image on the page *\/\r\n.msb-project-02-thumb {\r\n    display: block;\r\n    position: relative;\r\n    cursor: zoom-in;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.msb-project-02-thumb img {\r\n    transition: transform .3s ease, box-shadow .3s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.msb-project-02-thumb:hover img {\r\n    transform: translateY(-3px);\r\n    box-shadow: 0 12px 28px rgba(31, 73, 97, 0.12);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* small \"click to enlarge\" hint *\/\r\n.msb-project-02-thumb::after {\r\n    content: \"Click to enlarge\";\r\n    position: absolute;\r\n    right: 12px;\r\n    bottom: 12px;\r\n    padding: 6px 12px;\r\n    border-radius: 20px;\r\n    background: rgba(18, 59, 74, 0.82);\r\n    color: #ffffff;\r\n    font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif;\r\n    font-size: 12px;\r\n    font-weight: 500;\r\n    letter-spacing: .3px;\r\n    opacity: 0;\r\n    transition: opacity .3s ease;\r\n    pointer-events: none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.msb-project-02-thumb:hover::after {\r\n    opacity: 1;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* the full screen popup *\/\r\n.msb-project-02-lightbox {\r\n    display: none;\r\n    position: fixed;\r\n    inset: 0;\r\n    z-index: 999999;\r\n    align-items: center;\r\n    justify-content: center;\r\n    padding: 40px;\r\n    background: rgba(8, 28, 38, 0.88);\r\n    cursor: zoom-out;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.msb-project-02-zoom-toggle:checked ~ .msb-project-02-lightbox {\r\n    display: flex;\r\n    animation: msbProject02Fade .25s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.msb-project-02-image .msb-project-02-lightbox img {\r\n    width: auto;\r\n    height: auto;\r\n    max-width: 100%;\r\n    max-height: 100%;\r\n    border: none;\r\n    border-radius: 10px;\r\n    background: #ffffff;\r\n    box-shadow: 0 20px 60px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.45);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.msb-project-02-close {\r\n    position: absolute;\r\n    top: 18px;\r\n    right: 26px;\r\n    color: #ffffff;\r\n    font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif;\r\n    font-size: 38px;\r\n    line-height: 1;\r\n    opacity: .85;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.msb-project-02-lightbox:hover .msb-project-02-close {\r\n    opacity: 1;\r\n}\r\n\r\n@keyframes msbProject02Fade {\r\n    from { opacity: 0; }\r\n    to   { opacity: 1; }\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   IMAGE PLACEHOLDER\r\n\r\n   Use this instead of the image block until the figure\r\n   is ready.\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n.msb-project-02-visual {\r\n    width: 100%;\r\n    padding: 60px 25px;\r\n    display: flex;\r\n    align-items: center;\r\n    justify-content: center;\r\n    border: 1px dashed #b4d4e0;\r\n    border-radius: 12px;\r\n    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #eaf4f8, #f7fafc);\r\n    color: #4d879c;\r\n    font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif;\r\n    font-size: 15px;\r\n    text-align: center;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   CONTENT\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n.msb-project-02-content {\r\n    order: 2;\r\n    min-width: 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.msb-project-02-label {\r\n    display: inline-flex;\r\n    align-items: center;\r\n    gap: 11px;\r\n    margin-bottom: 14px;\r\n    color: #4d879c;\r\n    font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif;\r\n    font-size: 12px;\r\n    font-weight: 600;\r\n    letter-spacing: 2.2px;\r\n    text-transform: uppercase;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.msb-project-02-label::before {\r\n    content: \"\";\r\n    width: 28px;\r\n    height: 2px;\r\n    background: #58c7d7;\r\n    flex-shrink: 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.msb-project-02 h3 {\r\n    margin: 0 0 14px !important;\r\n    color: #123B4A !important;\r\n    font-family: 'Noto Serif', Georgia, serif !important;\r\n    font-size: clamp(27px, 3vw, 34px) !important;\r\n    line-height: 1.28 !important;\r\n    font-weight: 600 !important;\r\n    letter-spacing: -0.5px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.msb-project-02 p {\r\n    margin: 0 !important;\r\n    max-width: 520px;\r\n    color: #496579 !important;\r\n    font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif !important;\r\n    font-size: 17px !important;\r\n    font-weight: 400 !important;\r\n    line-height: 1.78 !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   RESPONSIVE\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n@media (max-width: 1000px) {\r\n    .msb-project-02 {\r\n        gap: 42px;\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n\r\n@media (max-width: 800px) {\r\n    .msb-project-02 {\r\n        width: calc(100% - 36px);\r\n        grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n        gap: 30px;\r\n        padding-top: 45px;\r\n        padding-bottom: 50px;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    \/* Text first on a single column, matching the other\r\n       two projects *\/\r\n    .msb-project-02-content {\r\n        order: 1;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .msb-project-02-image {\r\n        order: 2;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .msb-project-02 p {\r\n        font-size: 16px !important;\r\n        max-width: 100%;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .msb-project-02-lightbox {\r\n        padding: 18px;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    \/* no hover on touch screens, so hide the hint *\/\r\n    .msb-project-02-thumb::after {\r\n        display: none;\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n\r\n@media (max-width: 420px) {\r\n    .msb-project-02 h3 {\r\n        font-size: 25px !important;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .msb-project-02 p {\r\n        font-size: 15px !important;\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n\r\n<article class=\"msb-project-02\">\r\n\r\n\r\n    <!-- =================================================\r\n         IMAGE (click to enlarge)\r\n\r\n         CHANGE IMAGE URL HERE (in both places), or delete\r\n         the checkbox and both labels and uncomment the\r\n         placeholder underneath until the figure is ready.\r\n\r\n         Both labels must use the same id in \"for\".\r\n         ================================================= -->\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"msb-project-02-image\">\r\n\r\n        <input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"msb-project-02-zoom\" class=\"msb-project-02-zoom-toggle\">\r\n\r\n        <label for=\"msb-project-02-zoom\" class=\"msb-project-02-thumb\">\r\n            <img decoding=\"async\"\r\n                src=\"https:\/\/www.bio.iitb.ac.in\/~dkagrawal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Keziah_2_2-1.png\"\r\n                alt=\"Protein\u2013oligonucleotide signal exchange\"\r\n                loading=\"lazy\"\r\n            >\r\n        <\/label>\r\n\r\n        <label for=\"msb-project-02-zoom\" class=\"msb-project-02-lightbox\">\r\n            <span class=\"msb-project-02-close\">&times;<\/span>\r\n            <img decoding=\"async\"\r\n                src=\"https:\/\/www.bio.iitb.ac.in\/~dkagrawal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Keziah_2_2-1.png\"\r\n                alt=\"Protein\u2013oligonucleotide signal exchange (enlarged)\"\r\n                loading=\"lazy\"\r\n            >\r\n        <\/label>\r\n\r\n        <!--\r\n        <div class=\"msb-project-02-visual\">\r\n            Figure coming soon\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        -->\r\n\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n    <!-- =================================================\r\n         CONTENT\r\n         ================================================= -->\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"msb-project-02-content\">\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"msb-project-02-label\">\r\n            Flagship project\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <h3>\r\n            Protein\u2013oligonucleotide signal exchange\r\n        <\/h3>\r\n\r\n        <p>\r\n            Molecular interfaces that convert protein interactions\r\n            into programmable nucleic-acid signals. This research aims to enhance the functionality of synthetic DNA in diagnostics and therapeutics, enabling innovative strategies to address significant health challenges.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/article>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-88e0eb4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"88e0eb4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- =========================================================\r\n     MECHANISTIC AND SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY\r\n     RESEARCH DIRECTION 03\r\n     Text left \/ image right (click image to enlarge)\r\n     ========================================================= -->\r\n\r\n<style>\r\n\r\n@import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Noto+Serif:wght@500;600&family=Noto+Sans:wght@400;500;600&display=swap');\r\n\r\n.msb-project-03 {\r\n    width: min(1200px, calc(100% - 80px));\r\n    margin: 0 auto;\r\n    display: grid;\r\n    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 0.9fr) minmax(0, 1.1fr);\r\n    gap: 55px;\r\n    align-items: center;\r\n    padding-top: 50px;\r\n    padding-bottom: 70px;\r\n    border-top: 1px solid #dce8ef;\r\n    font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif;\r\n    box-sizing: border-box;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.msb-project-03 *,\r\n.msb-project-03 *::before,\r\n.msb-project-03 *::after {\r\n    box-sizing: border-box;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   CONTENT\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n.msb-project-03-content {\r\n    order: 1;\r\n    min-width: 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.msb-project-03-label {\r\n    display: inline-flex;\r\n    align-items: center;\r\n    gap: 11px;\r\n    margin-bottom: 14px;\r\n    color: #4d879c;\r\n    font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif;\r\n    font-size: 12px;\r\n    font-weight: 600;\r\n    letter-spacing: 2.2px;\r\n    text-transform: uppercase;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.msb-project-03-label::before {\r\n    content: \"\";\r\n    width: 28px;\r\n    height: 2px;\r\n    background: #58c7d7;\r\n    flex-shrink: 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.msb-project-03 h3 {\r\n    margin: 0 0 14px !important;\r\n    color: #123B4A !important;\r\n    font-family: 'Noto Serif', Georgia, serif !important;\r\n    font-size: clamp(27px, 3vw, 34px) !important;\r\n    line-height: 1.28 !important;\r\n    font-weight: 600 !important;\r\n    letter-spacing: -0.5px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.msb-project-03 p {\r\n    margin: 0 !important;\r\n    max-width: 520px;\r\n    color: #496579 !important;\r\n    font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif !important;\r\n    font-size: 17px !important;\r\n    font-weight: 400 !important;\r\n    line-height: 1.78 !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   IMAGE\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n.msb-project-03-image {\r\n    order: 2;\r\n    width: 100%;\r\n    min-width: 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.msb-project-03-image img {\r\n    display: block;\r\n    width: 100%;\r\n    height: auto;\r\n    max-width: 100%;\r\n    border: 1px solid #dce8ef;\r\n    border-radius: 12px;\r\n    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.82);\r\n    box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(31, 73, 97, 0.04);\r\n    object-fit: contain;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   CLICK TO ENLARGE (pure CSS, no JavaScript)\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n\/* hidden checkbox that stores the open \/ closed state *\/\r\n.msb-project-03-zoom-toggle {\r\n    position: absolute;\r\n    opacity: 0;\r\n    pointer-events: none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* the small image on the page *\/\r\n.msb-project-03-thumb {\r\n    display: block;\r\n    position: relative;\r\n    cursor: zoom-in;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.msb-project-03-thumb img {\r\n    transition: transform .3s ease, box-shadow .3s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.msb-project-03-thumb:hover img {\r\n    transform: translateY(-3px);\r\n    box-shadow: 0 12px 28px rgba(31, 73, 97, 0.12);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* small \"click to enlarge\" hint *\/\r\n.msb-project-03-thumb::after {\r\n    content: \"Click to enlarge\";\r\n    position: absolute;\r\n    right: 12px;\r\n    bottom: 12px;\r\n    padding: 6px 12px;\r\n    border-radius: 20px;\r\n    background: rgba(18, 59, 74, 0.82);\r\n    color: #ffffff;\r\n    font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif;\r\n    font-size: 12px;\r\n    font-weight: 500;\r\n    letter-spacing: .3px;\r\n    opacity: 0;\r\n    transition: opacity .3s ease;\r\n    pointer-events: none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.msb-project-03-thumb:hover::after {\r\n    opacity: 1;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* the full screen popup *\/\r\n.msb-project-03-lightbox {\r\n    display: none;\r\n    position: fixed;\r\n    inset: 0;\r\n    z-index: 999999;\r\n    align-items: center;\r\n    justify-content: center;\r\n    padding: 40px;\r\n    background: rgba(8, 28, 38, 0.88);\r\n    cursor: zoom-out;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.msb-project-03-zoom-toggle:checked ~ .msb-project-03-lightbox {\r\n    display: flex;\r\n    animation: msbProject03Fade .25s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.msb-project-03-image .msb-project-03-lightbox img {\r\n    width: auto;\r\n    height: auto;\r\n    max-width: 100%;\r\n    max-height: 100%;\r\n    border: none;\r\n    border-radius: 10px;\r\n    background: #ffffff;\r\n    box-shadow: 0 20px 60px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.45);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.msb-project-03-close {\r\n    position: absolute;\r\n    top: 18px;\r\n    right: 26px;\r\n    color: #ffffff;\r\n    font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif;\r\n    font-size: 38px;\r\n    line-height: 1;\r\n    opacity: .85;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.msb-project-03-lightbox:hover .msb-project-03-close {\r\n    opacity: 1;\r\n}\r\n\r\n@keyframes msbProject03Fade {\r\n    from { opacity: 0; }\r\n    to   { opacity: 1; }\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   IMAGE PLACEHOLDER\r\n\r\n   Use this instead of the image block until the figure\r\n   is ready.\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n.msb-project-03-visual {\r\n    width: 100%;\r\n    padding: 60px 25px;\r\n    display: flex;\r\n    align-items: center;\r\n    justify-content: center;\r\n    border: 1px dashed #b4d4e0;\r\n    border-radius: 12px;\r\n    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #eaf4f8, #f7fafc);\r\n    color: #4d879c;\r\n    font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif;\r\n    font-size: 15px;\r\n    text-align: center;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   RESPONSIVE\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n@media (max-width: 1000px) {\r\n    .msb-project-03 {\r\n        gap: 42px;\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n\r\n@media (max-width: 800px) {\r\n    .msb-project-03 {\r\n        width: calc(100% - 36px);\r\n        grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n        gap: 30px;\r\n        padding-top: 45px;\r\n        padding-bottom: 55px;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .msb-project-03-content {\r\n        order: 1;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .msb-project-03-image {\r\n        order: 2;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .msb-project-03 p {\r\n        font-size: 16px !important;\r\n        max-width: 100%;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .msb-project-03-lightbox {\r\n        padding: 18px;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    \/* no hover on touch screens, so hide the hint *\/\r\n    .msb-project-03-thumb::after {\r\n        display: none;\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n\r\n@media (max-width: 420px) {\r\n    .msb-project-03 h3 {\r\n        font-size: 25px !important;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .msb-project-03 p {\r\n        font-size: 15px !important;\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n\r\n<article class=\"msb-project-03\">\r\n\r\n\r\n    <!-- =================================================\r\n         CONTENT\r\n         ================================================= -->\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"msb-project-03-content\">\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"msb-project-03-label\">\r\n            Flagship project\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <h3>\r\n           Cell-Free TXTL-Based Platform for Early Detection of Infection\r\n        <\/h3>\r\n\r\n        <p>\r\n            This study presents a paper-based cell-free transcription\u2013translation (TXTL) platform for rapid and specific detection of viral RNA. The platform integrates nucleic acid amplification with programmable toehold switch-based RNA sensing, enabling target recognition and subsequent reporter expression through a cell-free genetic circuit. This low-cost, portable and scalable platform facilitates decentralized molecular diagnostics and point-of-care applications, particularly in resource-limited areas.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n    <!-- =================================================\r\n         IMAGE (click to enlarge)\r\n\r\n         CHANGE IMAGE URL HERE (in both places), or delete\r\n         the checkbox and both labels and uncomment the\r\n         placeholder underneath until the figure is ready.\r\n\r\n         Both labels must use the same id in \"for\".\r\n         ================================================= -->\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"msb-project-03-image\">\r\n\r\n        <input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"msb-project-03-zoom\" class=\"msb-project-03-zoom-toggle\">\r\n\r\n        <label for=\"msb-project-03-zoom\" class=\"msb-project-03-thumb\">\r\n            <img decoding=\"async\"\r\n                src=\"https:\/\/www.bio.iitb.ac.in\/~dkagrawal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/pooja.webp\"\r\n                alt=\"Cell-free TXTL-based platform for early detection of infection\"\r\n                loading=\"lazy\"\r\n            >\r\n        <\/label>\r\n\r\n        <label for=\"msb-project-03-zoom\" class=\"msb-project-03-lightbox\">\r\n            <span class=\"msb-project-03-close\">&times;<\/span>\r\n            <img decoding=\"async\"\r\n                src=\"https:\/\/www.bio.iitb.ac.in\/~dkagrawal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/pooja.webp\"\r\n                alt=\"Cell-free TXTL-based platform for early detection of infection (enlarged)\"\r\n                loading=\"lazy\"\r\n            >\r\n        <\/label>\r\n\r\n        <!--\r\n        <div class=\"msb-project-03-visual\">\r\n            Figure coming soon\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        -->\r\n\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/article>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1fd71c elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"f1fd71c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- =========================================================\r\n     MECHANISTIC AND SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY\r\n     APPROACH\r\n     ========================================================= -->\r\n\r\n<style>\r\n\r\n@import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Noto+Serif:wght@500;600&family=Noto+Sans:wght@400;500;600&display=swap');\r\n\r\n\r\n.msb-approach-section {\r\n\r\n    position: relative;\r\n\r\n    overflow: hidden;\r\n\r\n    border-top: 1px solid #dce8ef;\r\n\r\n    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f7fafc 0%, #edf5f9 100%);\r\n\r\n    font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif;\r\n\r\n    box-sizing: border-box;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.msb-approach-section *,\r\n.msb-approach-section *::before,\r\n.msb-approach-section *::after {\r\n    box-sizing: border-box;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n.msb-approach-inner {\r\n\r\n    width: min(1200px, calc(100% - 80px));\r\n\r\n    margin: auto;\r\n\r\n    padding-top: 55px;\r\n    padding-bottom: 70px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   SECTION HEADING\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n\/* Eyebrow (sans) *\/\r\n\r\n.msb-approach-eyebrow {\r\n\r\n    display: inline-flex;\r\n    align-items: center;\r\n\r\n    gap: 11px;\r\n\r\n    margin-bottom: 14px;\r\n\r\n    color: #4d879c;\r\n\r\n    font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif;\r\n\r\n    font-size: 12px;\r\n\r\n    font-weight: 600;\r\n\r\n    letter-spacing: 2.2px;\r\n\r\n    text-transform: uppercase;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.msb-approach-eyebrow::before {\r\n\r\n    content: \"\";\r\n\r\n    width: 28px;\r\n    height: 2px;\r\n\r\n    background: #58c7d7;\r\n\r\n    flex-shrink: 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* Title (serif) *\/\r\n\r\n.msb-approach-inner h2 {\r\n\r\n    margin: 0 0 14px !important;\r\n\r\n    color: #123B4A !important;\r\n\r\n    font-family: 'Noto Serif', Georgia, serif !important;\r\n\r\n    font-size: clamp(28px, 3.2vw, 38px) !important;\r\n\r\n    line-height: 1.22 !important;\r\n\r\n    font-weight: 600 !important;\r\n\r\n    letter-spacing: -0.7px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* Intro (sans) *\/\r\n\r\n.msb-approach-description {\r\n\r\n    max-width: 640px;\r\n\r\n    margin: 0 !important;\r\n\r\n    color: #496579 !important;\r\n\r\n    font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif !important;\r\n\r\n    font-size: 17px !important;\r\n\r\n    font-weight: 400 !important;\r\n\r\n    line-height: 1.78 !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   GRID\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n.msb-approach-grid {\r\n\r\n    position: relative;\r\n\r\n    margin-top: 40px;\r\n\r\n    display: grid;\r\n\r\n    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n\r\n    gap: 20px;\r\n\r\n    align-items: stretch;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   CARD\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n.msb-approach-card {\r\n\r\n    position: relative;\r\n\r\n    display: flex;\r\n\r\n    flex-direction: column;\r\n\r\n    align-items: flex-start;\r\n\r\n    padding: 24px 24px 26px;\r\n\r\n    border: 1px solid #dce8ef;\r\n\r\n    border-radius: 10px;\r\n\r\n    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.82);\r\n\r\n    box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(31, 73, 97, 0.04);\r\n\r\n    transition:\r\n        transform 0.3s ease,\r\n        border-color 0.3s ease,\r\n        box-shadow 0.3s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n.msb-approach-card:hover {\r\n\r\n    transform: translateY(-4px);\r\n\r\n    border-color: #c7dfe8;\r\n\r\n    box-shadow: 0 13px 30px rgba(31, 73, 97, 0.10);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   ICON\r\n\r\n   One treatment for all four \u2014 the step number carries\r\n   the sequence.\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n.msb-approach-icon {\r\n\r\n    width: 56px;\r\n    height: 56px;\r\n\r\n    margin-bottom: 18px;\r\n\r\n    display: flex;\r\n\r\n    align-items: center;\r\n\r\n    justify-content: center;\r\n\r\n    border: 1px solid #cfe5ee;\r\n\r\n    border-radius: 50%;\r\n\r\n    background: #eaf4f8;\r\n\r\n    transition: background 0.3s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n.msb-approach-card:hover .msb-approach-icon {\r\n\r\n    background: #ddeff6;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n.msb-approach-icon svg {\r\n\r\n    width: 28px;\r\n    height: 28px;\r\n\r\n    fill: none;\r\n\r\n    stroke: #287084;\r\n\r\n    stroke-width: 1.7;\r\n\r\n    stroke-linecap: round;\r\n\r\n    stroke-linejoin: round;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   STEP (sans)\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n.msb-approach-step {\r\n\r\n    margin-bottom: 8px;\r\n\r\n    color: #4d879c;\r\n\r\n    font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif;\r\n\r\n    font-size: 12px;\r\n\r\n    font-weight: 600;\r\n\r\n    letter-spacing: 1.4px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   CARD HEADING (serif)\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n.msb-approach-card h3 {\r\n\r\n    margin: 0 0 9px !important;\r\n\r\n    color: #123B4A !important;\r\n\r\n    font-family: 'Noto Serif', Georgia, serif !important;\r\n\r\n    font-size: 20px !important;\r\n\r\n    line-height: 1.32 !important;\r\n\r\n    font-weight: 600 !important;\r\n\r\n    letter-spacing: -0.2px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   CARD DESCRIPTION (sans)\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n.msb-approach-card p {\r\n\r\n    margin: 0 !important;\r\n\r\n    max-width: none;\r\n\r\n    color: #496579 !important;\r\n\r\n    font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif !important;\r\n\r\n    font-size: 15px !important;\r\n\r\n    font-weight: 400 !important;\r\n\r\n    line-height: 1.7 !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   RESPONSIVE\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n@media (max-width: 1000px) {\r\n\r\n    .msb-approach-grid {\r\n\r\n        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n\r\n        gap: 18px;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .msb-approach-description {\r\n\r\n        font-size: 16px !important;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n@media (max-width: 700px) {\r\n\r\n    .msb-approach-inner {\r\n\r\n        width: calc(100% - 36px);\r\n\r\n        padding-top: 48px;\r\n        padding-bottom: 56px;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .msb-approach-grid {\r\n\r\n        gap: 16px;\r\n\r\n        margin-top: 32px;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .msb-approach-card {\r\n\r\n        padding: 20px 20px 22px;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n@media (max-width: 480px) {\r\n\r\n    .msb-approach-inner h2 {\r\n\r\n        font-size: 27px !important;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .msb-approach-description {\r\n\r\n        font-size: 15px !important;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .msb-approach-grid {\r\n\r\n        grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {\r\n\r\n    .msb-approach-card,\r\n    .msb-approach-icon {\r\n\r\n        transition: none;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .msb-approach-card:hover {\r\n\r\n        transform: none;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n}\r\n\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n\r\n<section class=\"msb-approach-section\">\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"msb-approach-inner\">\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"msb-approach-eyebrow\">\r\n            How we work\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n        <h2>\r\n            Approach\r\n        <\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n        <p class=\"msb-approach-description\">\r\n            Projects integrate mathematical formulation,\r\n            molecular design, simulation and experimental\r\n            characterisation.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"msb-approach-grid\">\r\n\r\n\r\n            <!-- =================================================\r\n                 DESIGN\r\n                 ================================================= -->\r\n\r\n            <div class=\"msb-approach-card\">\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"msb-approach-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n\r\n                    <svg viewBox=\"0 0 40 40\">\r\n\r\n                        <path\r\n                            d=\"\r\n                                M20 4\r\n                                C13 4 8 9 8 16\r\n                                C8 21 11 24 14 27\r\n                                L14 31\r\n                                L26 31\r\n                                L26 27\r\n                                C29 24 32 21 32 16\r\n                                C32 9 27 4 20 4\r\n                            \"\r\n                        \/>\r\n\r\n                        <line x1=\"15\" y1=\"35\" x2=\"25\" y2=\"35\" \/>\r\n                        <line x1=\"17\" y1=\"38\" x2=\"23\" y2=\"38\" \/>\r\n\r\n                    <\/svg>\r\n\r\n                <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"msb-approach-step\">\r\n                    01\r\n                <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n                <h3>\r\n                    Design\r\n                <\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n                <p>\r\n                    Define the intended molecular function\r\n                    and interaction architecture.\r\n                <\/p>\r\n\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n            <!-- =================================================\r\n                 MODEL\r\n                 ================================================= -->\r\n\r\n            <div class=\"msb-approach-card\">\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"msb-approach-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n\r\n                    <svg viewBox=\"0 0 40 40\">\r\n\r\n                        <circle cx=\"20\" cy=\"20\" r=\"11\" \/>\r\n                        <circle cx=\"20\" cy=\"20\" r=\"4\"  \/>\r\n\r\n                        <line x1=\"20\" y1=\"3\"  x2=\"20\" y2=\"9\"  \/>\r\n                        <line x1=\"20\" y1=\"31\" x2=\"20\" y2=\"37\" \/>\r\n                        <line x1=\"3\"  y1=\"20\" x2=\"9\"  y2=\"20\" \/>\r\n                        <line x1=\"31\" y1=\"20\" x2=\"37\" y2=\"20\" \/>\r\n\r\n                    <\/svg>\r\n\r\n                <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"msb-approach-step\">\r\n                    02\r\n                <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n                <h3>\r\n                    Model\r\n                <\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n                <p>\r\n                    Translate reaction mechanisms into\r\n                    quantitative or logical representations.\r\n                <\/p>\r\n\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n            <!-- =================================================\r\n                 BUILD\r\n                 ================================================= -->\r\n\r\n            <div class=\"msb-approach-card\">\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"msb-approach-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n\r\n                    <svg viewBox=\"0 0 40 40\">\r\n\r\n                        <path\r\n                            d=\"\r\n                                M13 5\r\n                                L27 5\r\n                                L24 12\r\n                                L29 31\r\n                                C30 35 27 37 20 37\r\n                                C13 37 10 35 11 31\r\n                                L16 12\r\n                                Z\r\n                            \"\r\n                        \/>\r\n\r\n                        <line x1=\"14\" y1=\"23\" x2=\"26\" y2=\"23\" \/>\r\n\r\n                    <\/svg>\r\n\r\n                <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"msb-approach-step\">\r\n                    03\r\n                <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n                <h3>\r\n                    Build\r\n                <\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n                <p>\r\n                    Implement the design using appropriate\r\n                    biomolecular components.\r\n                <\/p>\r\n\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n            <!-- =================================================\r\n                 CHARACTERISE\r\n                 ================================================= -->\r\n\r\n            <div class=\"msb-approach-card\">\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"msb-approach-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n\r\n                    <svg viewBox=\"0 0 40 40\">\r\n\r\n                        <line x1=\"6\"  y1=\"34\" x2=\"6\"  y2=\"24\" \/>\r\n                        <line x1=\"15\" y1=\"34\" x2=\"15\" y2=\"17\" \/>\r\n                        <line x1=\"24\" y1=\"34\" x2=\"24\" y2=\"10\" \/>\r\n                        <line x1=\"33\" y1=\"34\" x2=\"33\" y2=\"4\"  \/>\r\n                        <line x1=\"4\"  y1=\"35\" x2=\"36\" y2=\"35\" \/>\r\n\r\n                    <\/svg>\r\n\r\n                <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"msb-approach-step\">\r\n                    04\r\n                <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n                <h3>\r\n                    Characterise\r\n                <\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n                <p>\r\n                    Measure response, specificity, dynamics\r\n                    and robustness.\r\n                <\/p>\r\n\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/section>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4ad856 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"e4ad856\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- =========================================================\r\n     OTHER RESEARCH AREAS\r\n     ========================================================= -->\r\n\r\n<style>\r\n\r\n.research-area-navigation {\r\n    width: 100%;\r\n    margin: 60px auto 20px;\r\n    padding: 35px 25px;\r\n\r\n    text-align: center;\r\n\r\n    background: #f7fafc;\r\n\r\n    border-top: 1px solid #e2edf2;\r\n    border-bottom: 1px solid #e2edf2;\r\n\r\n    font-family: 'Noto Sans', Arial, sans-serif;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* Heading *\/\r\n\r\n.research-area-navigation h3 {\r\n    margin: 0 0 22px;\r\n\r\n    color: #123B4A;\r\n\r\n    font-family: 'Noto Serif', Georgia, serif;\r\n\r\n    font-size: 24px;\r\n    font-weight: 600;\r\n\r\n    line-height: 1.3;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* Button container *\/\r\n\r\n.research-area-buttons {\r\n    display: flex;\r\n\r\n    justify-content: center;\r\n    align-items: center;\r\n\r\n    gap: 12px;\r\n\r\n    flex-wrap: wrap;\r\n\r\n    margin: 0 auto;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* Buttons *\/\r\n\r\n.research-area-buttons a {\r\n    display: inline-flex;\r\n\r\n    align-items: center;\r\n    justify-content: center;\r\n\r\n    min-height: 42px;\r\n\r\n    padding: 10px 20px;\r\n\r\n    background: #DCEFFA;\r\n\r\n    color: #1769C2 !important;\r\n\r\n    border: 1px solid #B9D9ED;\r\n\r\n    border-radius: 6px;\r\n\r\n    font-family: 'Noto Sans', Arial, sans-serif;\r\n\r\n    font-size: 14px;\r\n    font-weight: 500;\r\n\r\n    line-height: 1.2;\r\n\r\n    text-decoration: none !important;\r\n\r\n    transition:\r\n        background-color 0.25s ease,\r\n        color 0.25s ease,\r\n        border-color 0.25s ease,\r\n        transform 0.25s ease,\r\n        box-shadow 0.25s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* Hover *\/\r\n\r\n.research-area-buttons a:hover {\r\n    background: #1769C2;\r\n\r\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\r\n\r\n    border-color: #1769C2;\r\n\r\n    transform: translateY(-2px);\r\n\r\n    box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(23, 105, 194, 0.16);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   CURRENT PAGE \u2014 MECHANISTIC & SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n.research-area-buttons a.current-research-area {\r\n    background: #1769C2;\r\n\r\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\r\n\r\n    border-color: #1769C2;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* Current page hover *\/\r\n\r\n.research-area-buttons a.current-research-area:hover {\r\n    background: #0D4F91;\r\n\r\n    border-color: #0D4F91;\r\n\r\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   MOBILE\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n@media (max-width: 600px) {\r\n\r\n    .research-area-navigation {\r\n        margin-top: 45px;\r\n\r\n        padding: 30px 18px;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .research-area-navigation h3 {\r\n        font-size: 21px;\r\n\r\n        margin-bottom: 18px;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .research-area-buttons {\r\n        gap: 8px;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .research-area-buttons a {\r\n        padding: 9px 13px;\r\n\r\n        min-height: 38px;\r\n\r\n        font-size: 12px;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n}\r\n\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n\r\n<!-- =========================================================\r\n     NAVIGATION\r\n     ========================================================= -->\r\n\r\n<section class=\"research-area-navigation\">\r\n\r\n    <h3>\r\n        Explore Our Research Areas\r\n    <\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"research-area-buttons\">\r\n\r\n\r\n        <!-- AI & PHYSIOLOGICAL DATA -->\r\n\r\n        <a\r\n            href=\"https:\/\/www.bio.iitb.ac.in\/~dkagrawal\/cmt-ai-and-physiological-data-new_draft-copy\/\"\r\n        >\r\n            AI &amp; Physiological Data\r\n        <\/a>\r\n\r\n\r\n        <!-- DISEASE MODELLING -->\r\n\r\n        <a\r\n            href=\"https:\/\/www.bio.iitb.ac.in\/~dkagrawal\/cmt-disease-modelling-new\/\"\r\n        >\r\n            Disease Modelling\r\n        <\/a>\r\n\r\n\r\n        <!-- MEDICAL DEVICES -->\r\n\r\n        <a\r\n            href=\"https:\/\/www.bio.iitb.ac.in\/~dkagrawal\/medical-devices-new\/\"\r\n        >\r\n            Medical Devices\r\n        <\/a>\r\n\r\n\r\n        <!-- CURRENT PAGE: MECHANISTIC & SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY -->\r\n\r\n        <a\r\n            href=\"https:\/\/www.bio.iitb.ac.in\/~dkagrawal\/cmt-mechanistic-and-synthetic-biology-new_draft\/\"\r\n            class=\"current-research-area\"\r\n        >\r\n            Synthetic Biology\r\n        <\/a>\r\n\r\n\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/section>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-093193f elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"093193f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- =========================================================\r\n     MECHANISTIC AND SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY\r\n     EXPLORE POSITIONS\r\n     Animation: rotating DNA + pulsing molecular nodes\r\n     ========================================================= -->\r\n\r\n<style>\r\n\r\n@import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Noto+Serif:wght@500;600&family=Noto+Sans:wght@400;500;600&display=swap');\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   MAIN CONTAINER\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n.msb-positions {\r\n\r\n    position: relative;\r\n\r\n    overflow: hidden;\r\n\r\n    min-height: 270px;\r\n\r\n    display: flex;\r\n\r\n    align-items: center;\r\n\r\n    border-top: 1px solid #dce8ef;\r\n\r\n    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f7fafc 0%, #edf5f9 55%, #f7fafc 100%);\r\n\r\n    font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif;\r\n\r\n    box-sizing: border-box;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.msb-positions *,\r\n.msb-positions *::before,\r\n.msb-positions *::after {\r\n    box-sizing: border-box;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   CONTENT\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n.msb-positions-content {\r\n\r\n    position: relative;\r\n\r\n    z-index: 5;\r\n\r\n    width: min(1200px, calc(100% - 80px));\r\n\r\n    margin: auto;\r\n\r\n    padding: 58px 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* Eyebrow (sans) *\/\r\n\r\n.msb-positions-label {\r\n\r\n    display: inline-flex;\r\n    align-items: center;\r\n\r\n    gap: 11px;\r\n\r\n    margin-bottom: 14px;\r\n\r\n    color: #4d879c;\r\n\r\n    font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif;\r\n\r\n    font-size: 12px;\r\n\r\n    font-weight: 600;\r\n\r\n    letter-spacing: 2.2px;\r\n\r\n    text-transform: uppercase;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.msb-positions-label::before {\r\n\r\n    content: \"\";\r\n\r\n    width: 28px;\r\n    height: 2px;\r\n\r\n    background: #58c7d7;\r\n\r\n    flex-shrink: 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* Title (serif) *\/\r\n\r\n.msb-positions h2 {\r\n\r\n    max-width: 650px;\r\n\r\n    margin: 0 0 14px !important;\r\n\r\n    color: #123B4A !important;\r\n\r\n    font-family: 'Noto Serif', Georgia, serif !important;\r\n\r\n    font-size: clamp(28px, 3.6vw, 42px) !important;\r\n\r\n    line-height: 1.22 !important;\r\n\r\n    font-weight: 600 !important;\r\n\r\n    letter-spacing: -0.8px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* Description (sans) *\/\r\n\r\n.msb-positions-text {\r\n\r\n    max-width: 600px;\r\n\r\n    margin: 0 !important;\r\n\r\n    color: #496579 !important;\r\n\r\n    font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif !important;\r\n\r\n    font-size: 17px !important;\r\n\r\n    font-weight: 400 !important;\r\n\r\n    line-height: 1.78 !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   BUTTON\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n.msb-positions-button {\r\n\r\n    display: inline-flex;\r\n\r\n    align-items: center;\r\n\r\n    gap: 10px;\r\n\r\n    margin-top: 26px;\r\n\r\n    padding: 13px 24px;\r\n\r\n    border: 1px solid #287084;\r\n\r\n    border-radius: 6px;\r\n\r\n    background: #287084;\r\n\r\n    color: #ffffff !important;\r\n\r\n    font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif;\r\n\r\n    font-size: 15px;\r\n\r\n    font-weight: 600;\r\n\r\n    text-decoration: none !important;\r\n\r\n    transition:\r\n        transform 0.25s ease,\r\n        background 0.25s ease,\r\n        border-color 0.25s ease,\r\n        box-shadow 0.25s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n.msb-positions-button::after {\r\n\r\n    content: \"\u2192\";\r\n\r\n    font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif;\r\n\r\n    font-size: 17px;\r\n\r\n    line-height: 1;\r\n\r\n    transition: transform 0.25s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n.msb-positions-button:hover {\r\n\r\n    background: #123B4A;\r\n\r\n    border-color: #123B4A;\r\n\r\n    color: #ffffff !important;\r\n\r\n    transform: translateY(-3px);\r\n\r\n    box-shadow: 0 10px 24px rgba(31, 73, 97, 0.20);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n.msb-positions-button:hover::after {\r\n\r\n    transform: translateX(4px);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n.msb-positions-button:focus-visible {\r\n\r\n    outline: 2px solid #287084;\r\n\r\n    outline-offset: 3px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   MOLECULAR BACKGROUND\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n.msb-positions-visual {\r\n\r\n    position: absolute;\r\n\r\n    right: 20px;\r\n\r\n    top: 50%;\r\n\r\n    width: 430px;\r\n\r\n    height: 250px;\r\n\r\n    transform: translateY(-50%);\r\n\r\n    opacity: 0.45;\r\n\r\n    pointer-events: none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n.msb-positions-svg {\r\n\r\n    width: 100%;\r\n    height: 100%;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   DNA STRANDS\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n.msb-position-dna {\r\n\r\n    fill: none;\r\n\r\n    stroke: #5aa3b8;\r\n\r\n    stroke-width: 1.7;\r\n\r\n    stroke-linecap: round;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n.msb-position-dna-secondary {\r\n\r\n    fill: none;\r\n\r\n    stroke: #a8cfdc;\r\n\r\n    stroke-width: 1.2;\r\n\r\n    stroke-linecap: round;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n.msb-position-base {\r\n\r\n    stroke: #a8cfdc;\r\n\r\n    stroke-width: 1;\r\n\r\n    opacity: 0.8;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   DNA ROTATION\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n.msb-position-dna-group {\r\n\r\n    transform-origin: 250px 125px;\r\n\r\n    animation: positionDnaRotate 8s ease-in-out infinite;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n@keyframes positionDnaRotate {\r\n\r\n    0%,\r\n    100% {\r\n        transform: rotateY(-15deg);\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    50% {\r\n        transform: rotateY(15deg);\r\n    }\r\n\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   MOLECULAR CONNECTIONS\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n.msb-position-link {\r\n\r\n    fill: none;\r\n\r\n    stroke: #a8cfdc;\r\n\r\n    stroke-width: 1;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   MOLECULAR NODES\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n.msb-position-node {\r\n\r\n    fill: #eaf4f8;\r\n\r\n    stroke: #58c7d7;\r\n\r\n    stroke-width: 1.3;\r\n\r\n    animation: positionNodePulse 3s ease-in-out infinite;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n.msb-position-node:nth-of-type(2) {\r\n    animation-delay: -0.75s;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n.msb-position-node:nth-of-type(3) {\r\n    animation-delay: -1.5s;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n.msb-position-node:nth-of-type(4) {\r\n    animation-delay: -2.25s;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n@keyframes positionNodePulse {\r\n\r\n    0%,\r\n    100% {\r\n        opacity: 0.4;\r\n\r\n        transform: scale(0.85);\r\n\r\n        transform-box: fill-box;\r\n\r\n        transform-origin: center;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    50% {\r\n        opacity: 1;\r\n\r\n        transform: scale(1);\r\n\r\n        transform-box: fill-box;\r\n\r\n        transform-origin: center;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   SIGNAL PATH\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n.msb-position-signal {\r\n\r\n    fill: none;\r\n\r\n    stroke: #287084;\r\n\r\n    stroke-width: 1.2;\r\n\r\n    stroke-dasharray: 4 8;\r\n\r\n    opacity: 0.6;\r\n\r\n    animation: positionSignal 4s linear infinite;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n@keyframes positionSignal {\r\n\r\n    from {\r\n        stroke-dashoffset: 0;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    to {\r\n        stroke-dashoffset: -60;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   TABLET\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n@media (max-width: 900px) {\r\n\r\n    .msb-positions-text {\r\n\r\n        font-size: 16px !important;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .msb-positions-visual {\r\n\r\n        right: -100px;\r\n\r\n        opacity: 0.22;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   MOBILE\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n@media (max-width: 650px) {\r\n\r\n    .msb-positions {\r\n\r\n        min-height: 350px;\r\n\r\n        align-items: flex-start;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    .msb-positions-content {\r\n\r\n        width: calc(100% - 36px);\r\n\r\n        padding: 50px 0 80px;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    .msb-positions h2 {\r\n\r\n        font-size: 30px !important;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    .msb-positions-text {\r\n\r\n        font-size: 16px !important;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    .msb-positions-visual {\r\n\r\n        width: 350px;\r\n\r\n        height: 200px;\r\n\r\n        right: -80px;\r\n\r\n        top: auto;\r\n\r\n        bottom: -25px;\r\n\r\n        transform: none;\r\n\r\n        opacity: 0.18;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n@media (max-width: 420px) {\r\n\r\n    .msb-positions h2 {\r\n\r\n        font-size: 27px !important;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    .msb-positions-text {\r\n\r\n        font-size: 15px !important;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    .msb-positions-button {\r\n\r\n        width: 100%;\r\n\r\n        justify-content: center;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =========================================================\r\n   REDUCED MOTION\r\n   ========================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {\r\n\r\n    .msb-position-dna-group,\r\n    .msb-position-node,\r\n    .msb-position-signal {\r\n\r\n        animation: none;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    .msb-positions-button,\r\n    .msb-positions-button::after {\r\n\r\n        transition: none;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    .msb-positions-button:hover {\r\n\r\n        transform: none;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n}\r\n\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n\r\n<!-- =========================================================\r\n     EXPLORE POSITIONS\r\n     ========================================================= -->\r\n\r\n<section class=\"msb-positions\">\r\n\r\n\r\n    <!-- =====================================================\r\n         CONTENT\r\n         ===================================================== -->\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"msb-positions-content\">\r\n\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"msb-positions-label\">\r\n            Join the lab\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n        <h2>\r\n            Explore positions\r\n        <\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n        <p class=\"msb-positions-text\">\r\n            Interested in working at the intersection of\r\n            mechanistic biology, molecular engineering and\r\n            quantitative modelling? Explore current\r\n            opportunities to join our research team.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n        <!-- =================================================\r\n             CHANGE THIS URL\r\n             ================================================= -->\r\n\r\n        <a\r\n            class=\"msb-positions-button\"\r\n            href=\"https:\/\/www.bio.iitb.ac.in\/~dkagrawal\/positions_draft\/\"\r\n        >\r\n            Explore positions\r\n        <\/a>\r\n\r\n\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n    <!-- =====================================================\r\n         SUBTLE MOLECULAR VISUAL\r\n         ===================================================== -->\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"msb-positions-visual\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n\r\n\r\n        <svg\r\n            class=\"msb-positions-svg\"\r\n            viewBox=\"0 0 430 250\"\r\n            xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"\r\n        >\r\n\r\n\r\n            <!-- =================================================\r\n                 DNA\r\n                 ================================================= -->\r\n\r\n            <g class=\"msb-position-dna-group\">\r\n\r\n\r\n                <path\r\n                    class=\"msb-position-dna\"\r\n                    d=\"\r\n                        M205 20\r\n\r\n                        C255 45\r\n                        255 70\r\n                        205 95\r\n\r\n                        C155 120\r\n                        155 145\r\n                        205 170\r\n\r\n                        C255 195\r\n                        255 220\r\n                        205 245\r\n                    \"\r\n                \/>\r\n\r\n\r\n                <path\r\n                    class=\"msb-position-dna-secondary\"\r\n                    d=\"\r\n                        M255 20\r\n\r\n                        C205 45\r\n                        205 70\r\n                        255 95\r\n\r\n                        C305 120\r\n                        305 145\r\n                        255 170\r\n\r\n                        C205 195\r\n                        205 220\r\n                        255 245\r\n                    \"\r\n                \/>\r\n\r\n\r\n                <!-- BASE PAIRS -->\r\n\r\n                <g class=\"msb-position-base\">\r\n\r\n                    <line x1=\"218\" y1=\"28\"  x2=\"242\" y2=\"28\"  \/>\r\n                    <line x1=\"242\" y1=\"52\"  x2=\"218\" y2=\"52\"  \/>\r\n                    <line x1=\"255\" y1=\"76\"  x2=\"205\" y2=\"76\"  \/>\r\n                    <line x1=\"255\" y1=\"100\" x2=\"205\" y2=\"100\" \/>\r\n                    <line x1=\"240\" y1=\"125\" x2=\"220\" y2=\"125\" \/>\r\n                    <line x1=\"205\" y1=\"149\" x2=\"255\" y2=\"149\" \/>\r\n                    <line x1=\"205\" y1=\"174\" x2=\"255\" y2=\"174\" \/>\r\n                    <line x1=\"220\" y1=\"198\" x2=\"240\" y2=\"198\" \/>\r\n                    <line x1=\"242\" y1=\"222\" x2=\"218\" y2=\"222\" \/>\r\n\r\n                <\/g>\r\n\r\n\r\n            <\/g>\r\n\r\n\r\n            <!-- =================================================\r\n                 MOLECULAR CONNECTIONS\r\n                 ================================================= -->\r\n\r\n            <path\r\n                class=\"msb-position-link\"\r\n                d=\"\r\n                    M90 70\r\n                    C130 70\r\n                    150 95\r\n                    180 105\r\n                \"\r\n            \/>\r\n\r\n\r\n            <path\r\n                class=\"msb-position-link\"\r\n                d=\"\r\n                    M90 180\r\n                    C130 180\r\n                    150 155\r\n                    180 145\r\n                \"\r\n            \/>\r\n\r\n\r\n            <path\r\n                class=\"msb-position-link\"\r\n                d=\"\r\n                    M275 125\r\n                    C315 125\r\n                    340 95\r\n                    380 95\r\n                \"\r\n            \/>\r\n\r\n\r\n            <path\r\n                class=\"msb-position-link\"\r\n                d=\"\r\n                    M275 125\r\n                    C315 125\r\n                    340 155\r\n                    380 155\r\n                \"\r\n            \/>\r\n\r\n\r\n            <!-- =================================================\r\n                 NODES\r\n                 ================================================= -->\r\n\r\n            <circle\r\n                class=\"msb-position-node\"\r\n                cx=\"90\"\r\n                cy=\"70\"\r\n                r=\"7\"\r\n            \/>\r\n\r\n\r\n            <circle\r\n                class=\"msb-position-node\"\r\n                cx=\"90\"\r\n                cy=\"180\"\r\n                r=\"7\"\r\n            \/>\r\n\r\n\r\n            <circle\r\n                class=\"msb-position-node\"\r\n                cx=\"380\"\r\n                cy=\"95\"\r\n                r=\"8\"\r\n            \/>\r\n\r\n\r\n            <circle\r\n                class=\"msb-position-node\"\r\n                cx=\"380\"\r\n                cy=\"155\"\r\n                r=\"8\"\r\n            \/>\r\n\r\n\r\n            <!-- =================================================\r\n                 SIGNAL\r\n                 ================================================= -->\r\n\r\n            <path\r\n                class=\"msb-position-signal\"\r\n                d=\"\r\n                    M90 70\r\n                    C130 70\r\n                    150 95\r\n                    180 105\r\n                \"\r\n            \/>\r\n\r\n\r\n            <path\r\n                class=\"msb-position-signal\"\r\n                d=\"\r\n                    M275 125\r\n                    C315 125\r\n                    340 95\r\n                    380 95\r\n                \"\r\n            \/>\r\n\r\n\r\n        <\/svg>\r\n\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/section>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Research area Mechanistic and Synthetic Biology We use quantitative and engineered biological interactions to understand and control biological information processing. DNA TARGET SEQUENCE REGULATION Flagship project Transcription-factor decoys TF decoys are short ds DNA sequences that can act like a sponge to soak up free transcription factors in the cell and divert them from their [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9232","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bio.iitb.ac.in\/~dkagrawal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9232","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bio.iitb.ac.in\/~dkagrawal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bio.iitb.ac.in\/~dkagrawal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bio.iitb.ac.in\/~dkagrawal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bio.iitb.ac.in\/~dkagrawal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9232"}],"version-history":[{"count":29,"href":"https:\/\/www.bio.iitb.ac.in\/~dkagrawal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9232\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9608,"href":"https:\/\/www.bio.iitb.ac.in\/~dkagrawal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9232\/revisions\/9608"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bio.iitb.ac.in\/~dkagrawal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9232"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}